Collaboration With The Feline Protection Project

PROCAT, Lourdes Martínez: As part of this collaboration, Andrea R., who is working on her graduate thesis research, placed a camera trap in the primary forest where an AMISTOSA camera trap had previously captured a puma. The goal is to study the movement of felines through fragmented forests.

Guided Tours For High-school Students

Carolina Vindas, Finca Cántaros Association: Around 150 students from the Umberto Melloni Campanini School in groups of around 15 people, including guides, visited the Reserve in May and June. Guides from the Bird Sleuth group were involved. The idea of ​​this project is to encourage the development of leaders and foster a love of nature, as well as awareness of the existence of a wildlife sanctuary in Sabalito. These visitors are expected to defend the site against potential individuals or organizations that could harm nature in their quest for profit, despite the laws that protect it. Based on the experience gained from the Umberto Melloni visits, efforts will be made to invite other schools and promote visits every year.

Restoration Of Degraded Land

Osa Conservation, Rodrigo de Souza and Rodrigo Benavides, within the framework of Reef to Ridge Restoration project. Rodrigo Benavides designed a forest restoration experiment in which Sabalito Nature Reserve is participating. This experiment involved a 2,500 m² degraded land where, after 35 years of natural restoration, only shrubs and ferns had grown. Pioneer trees were planted: balsa (Ochroma pyramidale), guaba (inga edulis), targuá (Croton gossypiifolius), and burío (Heliocarpus appendiculatus), under four types of treatment: fertilization with coffee stubble, fertilization with mountain micro-organisms, with Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) as a nitrogen fixer in the soil, or without any treatment.

Labeling Of Interesting Trees

Jeffrey Flores identified approximately 50 trees along the trails and placed acrylic plates indicating their scientific name, common name, the places where they grow naturally, animals and insects related to them, their abundance, and a QR code that links to a page with more information. The labelling process is expected to continue in the future.

Secondary Forest Species Enrichment

Osa Conservation, carried out by Rodrigo de Souza and Rodrigo Benavides, within the framework of Reef to Ridge Restoration project: more than 1,500 saplings typical of mature forests were planted within the secondary forests of the Sabalito Nature Reserve, including several types of oak, several types of aguacatillo, María cedar, quiubra or huesillo, colpachí, red nance, ira rosa, fruta dorada, ceibo, jorco, virola, inga skutchii, ciruelo, cupania, cenizo, palms, balsa, among others. In 2024, planting continued with around 1,000 additional saplings.

Long Distance Hiking Trail

Vilma Castro, Emanuel Pineda, Bayron López: The goal is to create a long-distance hiking trail emulating the Camino de Costa Rica (https://www.caminodecostarica.org). The trail is expected to attract tourism that encourages environmental protection while directly benefiting people who can offer lodging, food, guided tours, and personal attention. It is a way to boost the economies of small communities in harmony with their history and environment.

Its creation consists of finding an attractive route and creating a database with information about the route: distances, degree of difficulty, available services and maps among other things, in a route that tentatively goes successively from Piedras Blancas National Park to La Gamba – Kilometer 37 of the Interamerican Highway – La Casona Indigenous Territory – Cerro Paraguas – Wilson Botanical Garden in Las Cruces – Finca Cántaros – Don Bosco – Sabalito – Sabalito Nature Reserve – Valle Hermoso – San Miguel – La Lucha – Progreso – Las Tablas. Since the inception of the idea until May 2025, different groups of hikers have already visited all sections of the route. Although most of the route runs on public rural roads, there are sections on private properties where permission to pass are being negotiated.

GEN Project: Global Experimental Network

Crowther Lab., University of Zurich. Six plots of 32 m x 32 m of bare land were selected to compare natural restoration vs. assisted restoration. For this project, biomass and woody species are being recorded in the six plots over a 5-year period (2022-2026). In the assisted restoration plots, black walnut (Juglans nigra) and cacao trees were planted and supported with hoeing, fertilization, and insect control. Meanwhile, in the natural restoration plots, care is taken to ensure that there is no human intervention or disturbance from domestic animals.

SCOOP: Scalable and Open Carbon Accounting Project

Enrique Castro, Álvaro Segura, José Zero, Sven. It contemplates the creation of an open-source framework for establishing a global carbon accounting system. The idea is to establish a formal model that links biomass accumulation with carbon credits in a way that provides confidence to guarantee financial transactions. Part of this project is to establish a carbon metrology appropriate to the technical and legal conditions of each area, which would allow a direct connection between entities that capture carbon and entities that need to offset their carbon emissions.

Movement of Fungal Spores by Birds and Wind from a Primary Forest to an Adjacent Coffee Plantation

Laura Aldrich and Elena Prado of North Dakota State University observed these movements from the Sabalito Nature Reserve primary forest to the neighbor coffee plantation belonging to Guido Blanco. Group 1 conducted data collection that ended in December 2021, and Group 2 conducted further observations in 2022.

2021- 2022 – Forest restoration, arthropod population decline, and global climate change, Estefania P. Fernandez Barrancos, a PhD candidate in Biology at the University of Missouri – St. -Louis and a fellow of the Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center. Estefanía took some of the data for her thesis in Sabalito Nature Reserve. In her own words, below is an extract taken from: https://mbgecologicalrestoration.wordpress.com/2022/02/25/planting-trees-recovers-70-years-worth-of-dead-wood-carbon-pools-in-less-than-two-decades/

… “dead wood stores an important amount of carbon. An amount important enough that if dead wood disappeared it could promote more changes to our already rapidly changing climate. Dead wood is also a crucial habitat for many organisms such as fungi, insects, and birds. Many insects and fungi use dead wood as a source of food and nutrients, and several species of birds are only able to nest in dead logs. Anthropogenic disturbances, such as logging and deforestation, can significantly decrease the amounts of dead wood present on the forest floor, sometimes leading to losses of up to 98% of dead wood. Most forests in the county of Coto Brus in Southern Costa Rica, our study area, were transformed into cattle pasture or coffee plantations in the 1950s-1980s. I studied the pattern of dead wood re-accumulation through time after disturbance in southern Costa Rica as well as the effectiveness of passive and active restoration at recovering dead wood as it is found in undisturbed forests. We evaluated the effectiveness of active vs. passive restoration at recovering dead wood by surveying dead wood volumes inside 17-year-old passive and active restoration plots and inside nearby old-growth forests.”

The results of her research were published in Estefanía P. Fernández Barrancos, Robert J. Marquis, J. Leighton Reid 2022, Restoration plantations accelerate dead wood accumulation in tropical premontane forests, Forest Ecology and Management 508, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112722000093?dgcid=author

Guadua Angustifolia Bamboo

Javier Castro: the first 100 bamboo plants were purchased from Bambutico S.A. in Pérez Zeledón, planted in different parts of the Reserve and then propagated with cuttings. Five years later (2025), bamboo is being harvested for use by the Reserve and by locals upon request. It may be marketed in a near future.

Protection of a Biological Corridor to be Integrated to the Reef to Ridge Restoration Project

Osa Conservation, led by Rodrigo de Souza. To improve the existing forested area at Sabalito Nature Reserve to become part of the corridor, in June 2020, 400 native trees were planted followed by 200 more, two months later, in a plot of land that had been unsuccessfully reforested with pine trees more than 10 years earlier.

Trails and Interpretive Signs

Sabalito Nature Reserve, and a local firm, Green Sense, began the project to design and signage a series of trails. Once the trails were marked, a brochure was created with a map of the trails and information for visitors. The trails were opened to the public in January 2021. To accommodate visitors, a parking area for approximately 25 vehicles was created at the entrance, a rainwater-fed restroom was built, and a tin roof shed with picnic tables was constructed. Three additional smaller sheds were built at different points along the trails, each with a cement bench.

Trail Embellishment with Planting of Symbolic Flower Shrubs

Freddy Rojas Rodríguez recommended planting Brugmansia arborea (a plant easy to reproduce with cuttings that attracts bats, bees, and hummingbirds) along lengthy trails, with the idea of this plant to ​​become a symbol for the Reserve. He also recommended planting cuttings of yellow and red Hamelia pattens (another plant that attracts bats, bees, and hummingbirds).

Study for Identifying the Location of a Biological Corridor between Sabalito and La Amistad International Park, Costa Rica

Kenneth Jiménez Zeledón, a candidate for the degree of Licenciatura in Geography at the School of Geography, University of Costa Rica, in his thesis research, under the supervision of Professor Rafael Arce, analyzed existing conditions for the establishment of a biological corridor in the district of Sabalito, Coto Brus, Puntarenas province, to connect Sabalito with La Amistad International Park (PILA), through privately owned lands dedicated to conservation.

This work indicates that Sabalito has the potential for the creation of such a corridor that would connect forest remnants from PILA to the north, to Las Cruces Biological Station to the south. Kenneth identified gaps and places where existing forests should be reinforced, and presented an overview of the proposed corridor with technical recommendations for pursuing its implementation as a conservation tool, considering its socioeconomic and natural context.